Geology for Kids
The ground beneath your feet is made of rock, and every rock has a story. Let's meet the three kinds and learn how to tell them apart.
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What's inside
🪨 Rocks & Minerals
The ground beneath your feet is made of rock, and every rock has a story. Let's meet the three kinds and learn how to tell them apart.
🔁 The Rock Cycle
Here's a secret: rocks are never finished! Over millions of years, any rock can slowly turn into another kind. That journey is the rock cycl
🌋 Inside the Earth
What's under your feet, all the way down? Let's slice the Earth open like a giant peach and meet its layers, plus the volcanoes and earthqu
💎 Fossils & Gems
Rocks can hide treasures: the footprints of dinosaurs, and sparkling gems! Let's dig into fossils and crystals.
Key ideas
- Rocks are made of natural materials called minerals.
- There are three main types of rock, grouped by HOW they form: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
- Igneous rock forms when hot melted rock cools and hardens, like granite and basalt.
- Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand, mud and shells pressed together over time, like sandstone and limestone. Fossils hide here!
- Metamorphic rock forms when heat and pressure change an existing rock, like marble (from limestone). A mineral's hardness is rated 1–10 on the Mohs scale, from soft talc to hard diamond.
Sample worksheet questions
1. Sandstone and limestone are examples of ____ rock.
Answer: Sedimentary
2. Rocks are made of natural materials called ____.
Answer: Minerals
3. The scale that measures a mineral's hardness is the ____ scale.
Answer: Mohs
4. Name the three main types of rock.
Answer: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
5. What is the hardest mineral (a 10 on the scale)?
Answer: Diamond
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